The Bible Translator: Volume 32, Issue 2

A phonemic writing system used a single symbol for each distinctive sound in a given language. Non-distinctive sounds are accounted for by rules. The alphabet should be based on what is easiest for the native speaker to read. View Less

Deciding on a phonemic alphabet, linguists should consider (1) pre-existing writing systems known to their culture group, (2) word divisions, (3) unpronounced sounds, (4) consistent spelling where pronunciation varies, and (5) dialect differences. View Less

The phonemic system of Kwara’ae (Solomon Islands) includes lengthened vowels, problem consonants (f/h, velar nasal, labialization, glottal stop) and metathesis. The alphabet must attempt to represent each significant sound consistently, use symbols found on a standard typewriter, and have related languages spell similar words in similar ways. View Less

A variety of alphabets, a large number of dialects, and a body of speakers spread around the world has slowed progress on standardization of a Romani alphabet. Presents three possible scripts. The Roman alphabet does not have as many letters as there are distinctive sounds in Romani; the Roman letters vary in phonemic value from one country to another. It is likely no single standard will emerge, but several alphabets, patterned on national languages and local dialects. View Less

Languages that have two tone levels and downstep need the simplest orthographical conventions that still allow for correct tone readings. If there are few situations where tone is unclear, tone diacritics should be omitted except where absolutely necessary. Examples from Kono (West Africa) mark all low tones. High tones are marked only when tone spread occurs. A “tone letter” is easier to read than diacritics above the vowel. View Less

Biblical names in African translations often include sounds foreign to the native phonemic system. Sound systems of the original languages should be compared with the phonemes of the target language. Rules for adjustment should be developed and followed consistently unless the resultant form has an unacceptable meaning in the target language. View Less

Punctuation not required by a language should be avoided. Some unnecessary punctuation marks (?,",’) may be introduced to make the punctuation system conform with the system of another language the people already know. Translators should avoid placing punctuation simply because it was there in another language. View Less

Far-right position on the typewriter should be reserved for low-frequency symbols and punctuation marks. High frequency symbols should be placed on the top row. Suggests alternative placements of numerals. View Less

Discusses the interpretation of two OT passages which take a figurative or “picture” meaning from part of the wine-making process (Zeph. 1:12; Jer. 48:1). The process of wine-making in ancient Israel is detailed in the light of the meaning of these texts. The picture refers to people who are self-satisfied and confident. View Less

In order to clarify the pronominal use in Matthew 2:13–23, it is best to supply a plural series in order to make clear that the referent in Matt. 2:23 is the child. View Less

Reports on a translation workshop held in Shillong in Assam, Northeast India. Discusses some of the translation problems which were worked through at the workshop, including: too much dependence on the GNB, sentences too long, cultural equivalents of endearment terms, and alternative interpretations. View Less